Comparison with other developing countries: Africa’s human development
Comparison with other developing countries: Africa’s human development
years, compared to 61 in South Asia. Much of the lower life expectancy in Africa reflects higher
child mortality. Under-five mortality rates are 31% higher in Africa than in South Asia, and infant
mortality rates 19% higher. However, adult mortality is also much higher in Africa than elsewhere (see
World Bank, 1993). The explanation for the higher child mortality is probably not under-nutrition: the
proportions of low-birth weight infants and of underweight children under five are much lower in Africa
than in South Asia (see Table 47, UNDP, 1997). Instead, inferior health care is likely to be a factor.
Immunisation rates are much lower in Africa: only 60.5% of one year olds are fully immunised against
measles compared to 75% in South Asia; disparities in immunisation against tuberculosis are similar.
Access to health services is lower in Africa: only 61% can reach a health facility by foot or local means
within one hour, compared to 82% in South Asia. This partly reflects the lower population density in
Africa. However, there are also less medical personnel. For the sample of countries for which information
is available, there are estimated to be 16,957 people per doctor in Africa compared to 3,704 in South
Asia. Another factor may be lack of access to “safe water”: only 56% of Africans have access to safe
water, compared to 76% of people in South Asia.
Africa has higher adult literacy rates than South Asia. This largely reflects the higher rates of
literacy among women in Africa compared to South Asia (43% compared to 34%; for men,
literacy rates are 64% and 62% respectively)3. Nonetheless, African men are still nearly 50%
more likely to be literate than African women. Africa’s superiority in literacy rates is likely to be
eroded over time: school enrolment rates are now lower in Africa than in any other region.
Combined primary, secondary and tertiary enrolment ratios average 46% in Africa, compared to
53% in South Asia. In most developing countries outside of Africa, male gross primary enrolment
ratios are close to 100% whilst in Africa they are 85% (for girls, gross primary enrolment ratios
are 73%). Box 1 discusses the issues raised by gender and human resource development.
These comparisons of Africa with other regions need to be seen in the context of trends in
income and human development since 1960.
Human Capital and Economic Development
Simon Appleton and Francis Teal
Comparison with other developing countries Africas human development - To learn more about this author, visit African Development Bank's Website.
Like this article? Share it with your friends
Table 1 sets out the HDI and its components by region for 1994. Life expectancy in Africa is 53
years, compared to 61 in South Asia. Much of the lower life expectancy in Africa reflects higher
child mortality. Under-five mortality rates are 31% higher in Africa than in South Asia, and infant
mortality rates 19% higher. However, adult mortality is also much higher in Africa than elsewhere (see
World Bank, 1993). The explanation for the higher child mortality is probably not under-nutrition: the
proportions of low-birth weight infants and of underweight children under five are much lower in Africa
than in South Asia (see Table 47, UNDP, 1997). Instead, inferior health care is likely to be a factor.
Immunisation rates are much lower in Africa: only 60.5% of one year olds are fully immunised against
measles compared to 75% in South Asia; disparities in immunisation against tuberculosis are similar.
Access to health services is lower in Africa: only 61% can reach a health facility by foot or local means
within one hour, compared to 82% in South Asia. This partly reflects the lower population density in
Africa. However, there are also less medical personnel. For the sample of countries for which information
is available, there are estimated to be 16,957 people per doctor in Africa compared to 3,704 in South
Asia. Another factor may be lack of access to “safe water”: only 56% of Africans have access to safe
water, compared to 76% of people in South Asia.
Africa has higher adult literacy rates than South Asia. This largely reflects the higher rates of
literacy among women in Africa compared to South Asia (43% compared to 34%; for men,
literacy rates are 64% and 62% respectively)3. Nonetheless, African men are still nearly 50%
more likely to be literate than African women. Africa’s superiority in literacy rates is likely to be
eroded over time: school enrolment rates are now lower in Africa than in any other region.
Combined primary, secondary and tertiary enrolment ratios average 46% in Africa, compared to
53% in South Asia. In most developing countries outside of Africa, male gross primary enrolment
ratios are close to 100% whilst in Africa they are 85% (for girls, gross primary enrolment ratios
are 73%). Box 1 discusses the issues raised by gender and human resource development.
These comparisons of Africa with other regions need to be seen in the context of trends in
income and human development since 1960.
Human Capital and Economic Development
Simon Appleton and Francis Teal
Comparison with other developing countries Africas human development - To learn more about this author, visit African Development Bank's Website.
Like this article? Share it with your friends
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John PowerJohn Power, founder of Biltmore Franchise Consulting, has extensive experience developing and marketing franchises and business opportunities. He has been in and around franchising for over twenty years. From 1980 through 1990 he conceptualized, organized, and developed the American Video Association. He grew AVA to 2,000 national members, before selling the company it 1990. It was later merged into another home video marketing company. From 2000 to 2005 he worked as a contract marketing and human resources consultant to several local and national companies. In 2005 Mr. Power began working as a franchise development consultant on a full-time basis. Since that time he has helped more than three dozen companies initiate and develop their franchising program. He notes that there are many companies interested in developing a franchise program, and who need his specialized assistance. Mr. Power is a “hands-on” franchise consultant. He said, “I am the ‘nuts and bolts’ person who tends to the details for my clients.” Mr. Power holds a B.S. degree with a major in Marketing. See: www.biltmorefranchise.com You may contact Mr. Power at: jpower@biltmorefranchise.co - Visit John Power's Website |
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John AlexanderJohn has taught keyword research and SEO skills to small groups of business owners and Webmasters from over 80 different countries world wide since 2002. John is also the Director of Search Engine Academy ; Co-director of Training at Search Engine Workshops offering live, SEO Workshops with his partner SEO educator Robin Nobles, author of the very first comprehensive online search engine marketing courses at SEO Training Online and the SEO Workshop Resource Center. I look forward to hearing from you! - Visit John Alexander's Website |
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John BrennanJohn Brennan Ed.D. Dr. Brennan is President of Interpersonal Development, LLC, a training and development firm. Interpersonal Development has provided sales training and coaching to more than 3,000 sales reps from over 100 companies. A native of Australia, Dr. Brennan received his doctorate from the University of Rochester. His dissertation researched the effectiveness of Behavioral Modeling Technology in training people in interpersonal skills. While he has spent most of his career designing or delivering training, he was also a Vice-President of Sales of a training and development franchise with operations in 25 markets. Dr. Brennan has designed and delivered sales training in North America, Asia, Europe, Australia and the Middle East. He has been a guest speaker at numerous national and regional professional conferences. When Microsoft wanted Best Practices articles on sales for their web site, they called Dr. Brennan. The results are at http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/FX011387391033.aspx His firm’s clients have included Volvo, The Prudential, Merrill Lynch, Eastman Kodak, Gannett, Equifax Europe, the Economist Group and countless small businesses. - Visit John Brennan's Website |
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Jay Kubassek(Jay's Full Bio: EvanCarmichael.com/jaykubassek) In five years, Canadian-born entrepreneur Jay Kubassek went from selling mufflers at a Midas franchise to revolutionizing Internet marketing with the 2004 launch of CarbonCopyPRO, a online marketing education company, now worth over $20 million with customers in over 160 countries.
As an independent film producer, his upstart film fund Aliquot Films is currently producing a films with Spike Lee and Abel Fererra (starring Ethan Hawke and Dennis Hopper.)
Jay's entrepreneurial spirit is irrepressible. He’s the owner of five companies, a professional speaker and trainer, international real estate developer/investor, extreme sport enthusiast and emerging philanthropist. Jay resides in NYC with his wife Jamie, son Milo and dog Cooper. Visit Jay's official website: www.JayKubassek.com - Visit Jay Kubassek's Website |
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George LudwigGeorge Ludwig is a recognized authority on sales strategy and peak performance psychology. An international speaker, trainer, and corporate consultant, he helps clients like Johnson & Johnson, Abbott Laboratories, Northwestern Mutual, CIGNA, and numerous others improve sales force effectiveness and performance. Though it's George's strategies and processes that help corporations increase productivity and performance, it's his tremendous energy and dynamism that spark the transformation. Again and again, clients remark on his amazing ability to unleash human capacity and inspire men and women to break out of their comfort zones. The result is a whole new type of salesperson. His customized presentations teach achievers to make stunning advances in their lives. From helping salespeople realize cherished dreams to helping corporations exponentially accelerate revenue streams, George Ludwig leaves audiences and individuals empowered, emboldened, and clamoring for more. George is the best-selling author of Power Selling: Seven Strategies for Cracking the Sales Code and Wise Moves: 60 Quick Tips to Improve Your Position in Life & Business. - Visit George Ludwig's Website |
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Dave KurlanDave Kurlan is the founder and CEO of Objective Management Group, Inc., the industry leader in sales assessments and sales force evaluations, and the CEO of David Kurlan & Associates, Inc., a consulting firm specializing in sales force development. Dave has been a top rated speaker at Inc. Magazine's Conference on Growing the Company, the Sales & Marketing Management Conference and the Gazelles Sales & Marketing Summit. He has been featured on radio and TV, including World Business Review with General Norman Schwarzkopf, in Inc. Magazine, Selling Power Magazine, Sales & Marketing Management Magazine and Incentive Magazine. He is the author of Mindless Selling and Baseline Selling – How to Become a Sales Superstar by Using What You Already Know about the Game of Baseball. He created and wrote STAR, a proprietary recruiting process for hiring great salespeople, and he writes Understanding the Sales Force, a popular business Blog and is a contributing author to The Death of 20th Century Selling and 101 Great Ways to Improve Your Life, Volume 2. - Visit Dave Kurlan's Website |
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David AchesonDavid Acheson is the founder of DCJA Consultancy. DCJA Consultancy is a management consultancy business specialising in B2B sales consultancy. They offer bespoke and packaged sales consultancy including Sales Optimisation Review, Interim Sales Management, Sales & Marketing Review, 1:1 Sales & Management Staff Analysis, Management Training, Solution Sales Training, Creation of New Pay Plan, KPI's, run Customer Feedback Campaigns, assist with Recruitment, Coaching, Appraisals and set up Strategic Marketing Campaigns. David spent his early career in accountancy and then moved into sales in 1982, working in Office Equipment, IT, Advertising, Training, Outsourcing and Consultancy. He has held many Senior Positions in SMBs and Global Organisations including Head of Sales Operations & Head of Business Development. His knowledge, skills and great experience of the Sales Industry has led to David making keynote speeches and running educational sessions to key businesses through organisations including The Chamber of Commerce and Business Link. - Visit David Acheson's Website |
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Linda RichardsonLinda Richardson is the Founder and Executive Chairwoman of Richardson, a global sales training and performance improvement company. As a recognized leader in the industry, she has won the coveted Stevie Award for Lifetime Achievement in Sales Excellence and she was identified by Training Industry, Inc. as one of the “Top 20 Most Influential Training Professionals.” Ms. Richardson is credited with the movement to Consultative Selling and is the author of ten books on selling and sales management, including Sales Coaching — Making the Great Leap from Sales Manager to Sales Coach, and Stop Telling, Start Selling. She teaches sales and management at the Wharton Graduate School of the University of Pennsylvania and the Wharton Executive Development Center. Linda is a frequent speaker at industry and client conferences, has been published extensively in industry and training journals, and has been featured in numerous publications, including The Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Nation’s Business, Selling Power, Success, and The Conference Board Magazine. Learn more about Richardson's sales training and performance improvement solutions at http://www.richardson.com web - Visit Linda Richardson's Website |
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