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Effects of education upon health and nutrition: The Indirect Effects of Investment in Human Capital

Written by: African Development Bank

Article Overview: One indirect effect of expenditure on education may be its effects on health. Within developing countries, the children of educated parents face lower risks of premature death.

Effects of education upon health and nutrition: The Indirect Effects of Investment in Human Capital

One indirect effect of expenditure on education may be its effects on health. Within developing
countries, the children of educated parents face lower risks of premature death. This is apparent from
analysis of both the World Fertility Surveys and the subsequent Demographic and Health Surveys
(Hobcraft, 1993). Parental education is also associated with better child anthropometric status (weight
and height), although the association is less marked than that with mortality. However, in socio-economic
surveys, educated parents are often more likely to report that their children have been ill. This suggests
that educated parents are better at recognising medical problems in their children.
Part of the association between parental education and child mortality may work via household
income. However, the independent impact of education in models which carefully control for
income shows this cannot be the only transmission mechanism. Indeed, many studies have found
education to have a stronger direct effect on child health than income.8 The direct effect of education
may be informational. In Uganda, recent work found educated mothers to be better informed about
various diseases and that such information was strongly associated with lower child mortality (Mackinnon,
1995). Similarly, in Morocco, mothers’ education appears to improve child anthropometric status by
providing cognitive skills which increase knowledge about health (Glewwe, 1997). In Côte d’Ivoire
and Kenya, educated mothers are more likely to send sick children for treatment (Appleton, 1992).

Human Capital and Economic Development
Simon Appleton and Francis Teal

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Article Tags: child health, child mortality, cognitive skills, developing countries, economic surveys, francis teal, glewwe, health surveys, household income, human capital and economic development, indirect effect, ivoire, medical problems, morocco, parental education, premature death, sick children, simon appleton, transmission mechanism, world fertility surveys



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