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Effects of health on child schooling and cognitive development: The Indirect Effects of Investment in Human Capital

Guest post by: African Development Bank

Article Overview: In sections 2 and 3 education and health were treated as separate components of human capital. Here the possible linkages between them are discussed. Expenditures on education may affect health and parental education may benefit children. Health expenditures may themselves affect the value of education. These links are important for understanding the potential range of benefits which accrue to expenditures on human capital.

Effects of health on child schooling and cognitive development: The Indirect Effects of Investment in Human Capital

Ill-health and poor nutrition may have indirect effects on labour productivity by adversely affecting
schooling. Illness often leads to absence from school and nutritional deficiencies can reduce the ability
to learn. Some experimental studies imply substantial benefits from particular interventions. One African
example found positive effects of deworming medication on school attendance and achievement in
Kenya (Jamison and Leslie, 1990). Cross-sectional evidence is more difficult to interpret but still
suggestive. In Ghana, one econometric study attributed delayed primary school enrolment to low heightfor-
age (Glewwe and Jacoby, 1995). A study of Kenya found no effect of height-for-age on children’s
school performance (Sigman, Newman, Jansen and Bwibo, 1989). However, calorie intake did affect
school performance by affecting time off task for girls. Ill-health inhibits school attendance; this may be
true of the ill-health of other household members as well as morbidity of the pupil herself. Adult mortality
- such as that from AIDS - is likely to pose grave threats to the schooling of bereaved children (Ainsworth
and Koda, 1993). In Box 3 the general issues raised by poverty and human resources are discussed.

Human Capital and Economic Development
Simon Appleton and Francis Teal

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Article Tags: adult mortality, bereaved children, calorie intake, econometric study, experimental studies, francis teal, glewwe, grave threats, household members, human capital and economic development, ill health, indirect effects, labour productivity, nutritional deficiencies, poor nutrition, primary school enrolment, school attendance, school performance, simon appleton, substantial benefits



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