Ill-health and poor nutrition may have indirect effects on labour productivity by adversely affecting schooling. Illness often leads to absence from school and nutritional deficiencies can reduce the ability to learn. Some experimental studies imply substantial benefits from particular interventions. One African example found positive effects of deworming medication on school attendance and achievement in Kenya (Jamison and Leslie, 1990). Cross-sectional evidence is more difficult to interpret but still suggestive. In Ghana, one econometric study attributed delayed primary school enrolment to low heightfor1age (Glewwe and Jacoby, 1995). A study of Kenya found no effect of height-for-age on children’s school performance (Sigman, Newman, Jansen and Bwibo, 1989). However, calorie intake did affect school performance by affecting time off task for girls. Ill-health inhibits school attendance; this may be true of the ill-health of other household members as well as morbidity of the pupil herself. Adult mortality - such as that from AIDS - is likely to pose grave threats to the schooling of bereaved children (Ainsworth and Koda, 1993). In Box 3 the general issues raised by poverty and human resources are discussed.
Human Capital and Economic Development Simon Appleton and Francis Teal
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African Development Bank
(Visit African's Website)
The African Development Bank is the
premier financial development institution
of Africa, dedicated to combating poverty
and improving the lives of people of the
continent and engaged in the task of
mobilizing resources towards the economic
and social progress of its Regional Member
Countries.The Bank’s s mission is to
promote economic and social development
through loans, equity investments, and
technical assistance.
The ADB is a multilateral development bank
whose shareholders include 53 African
countries and 24 non-African countries
from the Americas, Asia, and Europe. It
was established in 1964, with its
headquarters in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire,
and officially began operations in 1967.
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