10.1 The education system: Support for Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania, 2005
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Free PDF Download References: Learning to change: Skills development among the economically vulnerable and socially excluded in developing countries - By International Labour Organization |
Over 690 vocational training centres are registered with the Vocational Education
and Training Authority (VETA),38 over 90 per cent of which are either private businesses
or NGOs. VETA centres do offer skills training courses suitable for self-employment
(tailoring, batik making, housekeeping, etc), but UDEC (2003) states that the primary
emphasis on training is for employability in large public and private enterprises. Because
there are few jobs available, most of the VETA graduates go unemployed or are
inadequately trained for entrepreneurship. Data on the proportion of women students is
not available.
In the university context in Tanzania, key informants from the University of Dar es
Salaam reported that seven per cent of their students (1997 study) were running
businesses while attending university, but that not many have the skills and interest to
start a business. Micro-enterprises operating in the informal economy, which is what
most students perceive as “entrepreneurship”, is not seen as being that attractive to them.
Since the University of Dar es Salaam Entrepreneurship Centre (UDEC) began its
operations on campus in 1999, it has been lobbying the university to offer courses in
entrepreneurship. In December 2001, the university adopted a policy on entrepreneurship
development. The policy states that entrepreneurship will be promoted to all students
through activities that will: (i) improve their level of enterprising behaviour; (ii) develop
an awareness of and interest in business/enterprise; and (iii) develop their skills in
starting and managing an enterprise, including access to support networks.
To support this new policy, UDEC has trained about 70 lecturers in “enterprising
teaching strategies”. An entrepreneurship and small business management course is
offered in the Faculty of Commerce and Management, and an entrepreneurship course is
offered to all engineering students. During their third year of study, all students at the
university will have the opportunity to take a business planning course, although not all
students have access to it at this time (this is a capacity issue).
With respect to female enrolment at the university, UDEC key informants indicated
that about one-third of the commerce students are women, 40 per cent of MBA students,
and 50 per cent of arts students. Taking special measures to ensure that these female
students participate in entrepreneurship courses is likely to create the seedbed for the
next generation of growth-oriented women entrepreneurs.
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Free PDF Download References: Learning to change: Skills development among the economically vulnerable and socially excluded in developing countries - By International Labour Organization |
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About the Author: International Labour Organization RSS for International's articles - Visit International's website As the world's only tripartite multilateral agency, the ILO is dedicated to bringing decent work and livelihoods, job-related security and better living standards to the people of both poor and rich countries. It helps to attain those goals by promoting rights at work, encouraging opportunities for decent employment, enhancing social protection and strengthening dialogue on work-related issues. The ILO is the international meeting place for the world of work. We are the experts on work and employment and particularly on the critical role that these issues play in bringing about economic development and progress. At the heart of our mission is helping countries build the institutions that are the bulwarks of democracy and to help them become accountable to the people. The ILO formulates international labour standards in the form of Conventions and Recommendations setting minimum standards of basic labour rights: freedom of association, the right to organize, collective bargaining, abolition of forced labour, equality of opportunity and treatment and other standards addressing conditions across the entire spectrum of work-related issues. Click here to visit International's website. 514 Partnerships Working Out of Poverty 140 Women entrepreneurs associations and capacitybuilding Support for Growthoriented Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania 2005 115 Building an employment agenda Working Out of Poverty 119 Building trust Working Out of Poverty Study objectives Learning to change |
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