A common criticism of public sector training for the poor is that, at least up until fairly recently, it has been largely 'gender blind' which is part of a wider problem of mainly male policymakers simply 'not seeing' women. Without a strong, theoretically well-grounded gender perspective, training programmes have failed to address the invisibility of women in the informal sector. As noted earlier, what little training has been provided has been predominantly 'welfarist' in that it has focused on supporting women's practical gender needs thereby exacerbating the over-concentration of women in a few low skills occupations and perpetuating their traditional roles as mothers and wives.
International organisations working with national governments have identified a wide range of interventions that are needed to promote VET provision for women (see Box 5). Many governments have been particularly preoccupied with improving gender equity with respect to labour outcomes in the formal sector. Ensuring much better access for women to VET institutions is essential in order to redress genders imbalances in most occupations. However, this level of training is not accessible to most of the poor.
The design and implementation of ILO-supported projects in Cambodia and Nepal highlight the difficulties that have been typically encountered in trying to provide training for poor, mainly rural women (see Boxes 6 and 7).
EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PAPERS 43 Learning to change: Skills development among the economically vulnerable and socially excluded in developing countries Paul Bennell Employment and Training Department International Labour Office Geneva First published 1999
To learn more about this author, visit International Labour Organization's Website.
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