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5.3.4 The unemployed: Public sector training

 
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5.3.4 The unemployed: Public sector training
   

The unemployed in most developing countries are generally not the most economically vulnerable because, in the absence of state income support of some kind or another, the poor cannot afford not to work. Large-scale retrenchment of public sector workers is currently one of the largest sources of open unemployment in many countries. Politically, retrenchees are in a strong position to capture public VET resources. Social funds in SSA have a poor record in supporting training needs of retrenched workers.

The conclusion of most evaluations of training programmes for unemployed youth is that they have not been successful in raising incomes and job offers for these workers. Training keeps "unemployed youth off the streets but does not land them jobs". The findings of extensive and sophisticated research on the impacts of major training programmes for disadvantaged youth since the 1960s in the United States have been particularly influential. With the possible exception of Job Corps, "no programme has produced significant benefits, whether by improving labour market outcomes for participants or by increasing efficiency in the economy as a whole" (ILO, 1998:92). Godfrey argues that the impacts of many retraining programmes for the unemployed have, if anything, been negative (see Godfrey, 1998). In particular, by raising job expectations, training programmes can increase the reservation wages of trainees and thereby actually increase unemployment.

In Colombia, SENA's nation-wide programme of part-time short courses for poor, younger workers has also received widespread attention. However, the ability of SENA to adapt has been seriously constrained by employment practices in the public sector, in particular low pay which not only demotivates staff but has prevented SENA from being able to recruit personnel who have relevant private sector experience (see Box 8). The Chile Joven programme has been positively evaluated, but the replicability of this type of programme, particularly in SSA and South Asia is likely to be limited (see Box 9).

EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PAPERS 43 Learning to change: Skills development among the economically vulnerable and socially excluded in developing countries Paul Bennell Employment and Training Department International Labour Office Geneva First published 1999 To learn more about this author, visit International Labour Organization's Website.

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5.3.4 The unemployed: Public sector training
  The unemployed in most developing countries are generally not the most economically vulnerable because, in the absence of state income support of some kind or another, the poor cannot afford not to work.
7.3.4 Labour market reform: Mainstreaming skills development for the poor
  Training for the poor must also be part of a coherent set of active labour market policies. Without concerted government interventions to eliminate key impediments that prevent women, disabled persons and other disc...
3.1.4 Overall resource availability: Training priorities, resources and reorientation
  The extent of public sector training for the poor is also strongly influenced by resource availability and the overall incidence of poverty.
3.1.2 Training for the formal sector: Training priorities, resources and reorientation
  Despite oft-repeated government pronouncements about the need for concerted efforts to improve the skills of the poor, responding to formal sector training needs has remained the top priority for most public sector ...
7.4 Characteristics of a pro-poor training system
  Many of the key characteristics of market-driven VET reform strategies can and should be incorporated into the design of pro-poor training strategies. In particular, the state should perform a largely regulatory and...

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International Labour Organization
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As the world's only tripartite multilateral agency, the ILO is dedicated to bringing decent work and livelihoods, job-related security and better living standards to the people of both poor and rich countries. It helps to attain those goals by promoting rights at work, encouraging opportunities for decent employment, enhancing social protection and strengthening dialogue on work-related issues. The ILO is the international meeting place for the world of work. We are the experts on work and employment and particularly on the critical role that these issues play in bringing about economic development and progress. At the heart of our mission is helping countries build the institutions that are the bulwarks of democracy and to help them become accountable to the people. The ILO formulates international labour standards in the form of Conventions and Recommendations setting minimum standards of basic labour rights: freedom of association, the right to organize, collective bargaining, abolition of forced labour, equality of opportunity and treatment and other standards addressing conditions across the entire spectrum of work-related issues.
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