Moving Forward: Developing Countries
Moving Forward: Developing Countries
the path to sustainable development, and there is no panacea to address
them all. Rather, accelerated development will require progress in multiple
policy areas, with the right policy mix and focus varying from country
to country. Countries may also need to make difficult choices regarding
trade-offs between competing policy objectives. Achieving more sustainable
development will thus require a concerted effort from developing
countries, the international community, and the international financial
institutions.
Developing Countries
Sound fiscal and macroeconomic policies are essential. Sustainable
growth and poverty reduction are possible only with prudent macroeconomic
and, in particular, fiscal policies.
Tax and expenditure policies should also be designed to minimize adverse
incentive effects, which can hinder economic growth. Tax policies
should seek to raise revenue in a way that least distorts labor supply, consumption,
saving, and other decisions. Expenditure policies should not
deter the active participation of the poor in the labor market and the
process of economic development.
Higher spending on poverty reduction is not sufficient to achieve better
social outcomes. Increased spending must be accompanied by steps to
strengthen the efficiency and targeting of these outlays. There is significant
scope to make existing spending more effective in fostering development
by reallocating it to inputs that are most needed, such as textbooks
and medicines. There is also scope to increase the share of outlays that
most directly benefit the poor, such as those for primary education and
preventive health care. To ensure that economic reforms do not hurt the
poor, countries will need to integrate PSIA into their policymaking
processes with a view to both modifying the design of their economic policies
and implementing well-targeted social safety nets.
Fiscal policies must also provide appropriate incentives for the efficient
and sustainable use of natural resources. Harmful subsidies and inappropriate
tax policies that lead to the excessive exploitation of natural
resources should be phased out. The prices of energy products should reflect
their social costs, and subsidies for pesticide and fertilizer use—
which contribute to overfarming of land—should be eliminated and replaced
with government expenditure programs that more directly benefit
small farmers. At the same time, industrial countries should implement
similar policies to ensure that the world’s environmental resources are not
overexploited.
A strengthening of governance and public expenditure management
systems is also needed. Countries need to move ahead to address their
most serious deficiencies in public expenditure management; HIPCs, in
particular, must work together with the international community to help
implement their action plans to improve their capacity to track povertyreducing
spending. For many countries, a useful step toward strengthening
transparency would be to adopt the IMF’s Code of Good Practices on
Fiscal Transparency.
It will also be necessary for countries to monitor the actual delivery and
impact of poverty-reducing programs on human and natural resource development.
Within the context of the PRSP process or other country-owned
poverty strategies, countries should continue to monitor the impact of
poverty-reducing spending on social indicators that measure human development.
Improved and more detailed data on social indicators, combined
with more disaggregated data on poverty-reducing spending by program,
will facilitate a more solid understanding of the relationship between government
spending and social outcomes. In this regard, improvements in PEM systems—and the concomitant ability to track poverty-reducing
spending—will also improve understanding of the complex link between
government spending and sustainable development. There are welcome
signs that PRSPs are increasingly reflecting recognition of the role that
proper use of natural resources can play in reducing poverty.
Fiscal Dimensions of Sustainable Development
Prepared for
World Summit on Sustainable Development
Johannesburg, August 26–September 4, 2002
Moving Forward Developing Countries - To learn more about this author, visit International Monetary Fund's Website.
Like this article? Share it with your friends
There are many economic, social, and environmental challenges along
the path to sustainable development, and there is no panacea to address
them all. Rather, accelerated development will require progress in multiple
policy areas, with the right policy mix and focus varying from country
to country. Countries may also need to make difficult choices regarding
trade-offs between competing policy objectives. Achieving more sustainable
development will thus require a concerted effort from developing
countries, the international community, and the international financial
institutions.
Developing Countries
Sound fiscal and macroeconomic policies are essential. Sustainable
growth and poverty reduction are possible only with prudent macroeconomic
and, in particular, fiscal policies.
Tax and expenditure policies should also be designed to minimize adverse
incentive effects, which can hinder economic growth. Tax policies
should seek to raise revenue in a way that least distorts labor supply, consumption,
saving, and other decisions. Expenditure policies should not
deter the active participation of the poor in the labor market and the
process of economic development.
Higher spending on poverty reduction is not sufficient to achieve better
social outcomes. Increased spending must be accompanied by steps to
strengthen the efficiency and targeting of these outlays. There is significant
scope to make existing spending more effective in fostering development
by reallocating it to inputs that are most needed, such as textbooks
and medicines. There is also scope to increase the share of outlays that
most directly benefit the poor, such as those for primary education and
preventive health care. To ensure that economic reforms do not hurt the
poor, countries will need to integrate PSIA into their policymaking
processes with a view to both modifying the design of their economic policies
and implementing well-targeted social safety nets.
Fiscal policies must also provide appropriate incentives for the efficient
and sustainable use of natural resources. Harmful subsidies and inappropriate
tax policies that lead to the excessive exploitation of natural
resources should be phased out. The prices of energy products should reflect
their social costs, and subsidies for pesticide and fertilizer use—
which contribute to overfarming of land—should be eliminated and replaced
with government expenditure programs that more directly benefit
small farmers. At the same time, industrial countries should implement
similar policies to ensure that the world’s environmental resources are not
overexploited.
A strengthening of governance and public expenditure management
systems is also needed. Countries need to move ahead to address their
most serious deficiencies in public expenditure management; HIPCs, in
particular, must work together with the international community to help
implement their action plans to improve their capacity to track povertyreducing
spending. For many countries, a useful step toward strengthening
transparency would be to adopt the IMF’s Code of Good Practices on
Fiscal Transparency.
It will also be necessary for countries to monitor the actual delivery and
impact of poverty-reducing programs on human and natural resource development.
Within the context of the PRSP process or other country-owned
poverty strategies, countries should continue to monitor the impact of
poverty-reducing spending on social indicators that measure human development.
Improved and more detailed data on social indicators, combined
with more disaggregated data on poverty-reducing spending by program,
will facilitate a more solid understanding of the relationship between government
spending and social outcomes. In this regard, improvements in PEM systems—and the concomitant ability to track poverty-reducing
spending—will also improve understanding of the complex link between
government spending and sustainable development. There are welcome
signs that PRSPs are increasingly reflecting recognition of the role that
proper use of natural resources can play in reducing poverty.
Fiscal Dimensions of Sustainable Development
Prepared for
World Summit on Sustainable Development
Johannesburg, August 26–September 4, 2002
Moving Forward Developing Countries - To learn more about this author, visit International Monetary Fund's Website.
Like this article? Share it with your friends
 | |
 |
No article feedback found. |
| |
Leave Your Feedback |
 | |
| |||
John AlexanderJohn has taught keyword research and SEO skills to small groups of business owners and Webmasters from over 80 different countries world wide since 2002. John is also the Director of Search Engine Academy ; Co-director of Training at Search Engine Workshops offering live, SEO Workshops with his partner SEO educator Robin Nobles, author of the very first comprehensive online search engine marketing courses at SEO Training Online and the SEO Workshop Resource Center. I look forward to hearing from you! - Visit John Alexander's Website |
|||
|
I've created this section on my site to share some of the incredible tools that I've used to build my business. I hope you too can benefit from them and look forward to hearing your feedback on the reviews! - Visit Evan Carmichael's Website |
|||
John PowerJohn Power, founder of Biltmore Franchise Consulting, has extensive experience developing and marketing franchises and business opportunities. He has been in and around franchising for over twenty years. From 1980 through 1990 he conceptualized, organized, and developed the American Video Association. He grew AVA to 2,000 national members, before selling the company it 1990. It was later merged into another home video marketing company. From 2000 to 2005 he worked as a contract marketing and human resources consultant to several local and national companies. In 2005 Mr. Power began working as a franchise development consultant on a full-time basis. Since that time he has helped more than three dozen companies initiate and develop their franchising program. He notes that there are many companies interested in developing a franchise program, and who need his specialized assistance. Mr. Power is a “hands-on” franchise consultant. He said, “I am the ‘nuts and bolts’ person who tends to the details for my clients.” Mr. Power holds a B.S. degree with a major in Marketing. See: www.biltmorefranchise.com You may contact Mr. Power at: jpower@biltmorefranchise.co - Visit John Power's Website |
|||
Jay Kubassek(Jay's Full Bio: EvanCarmichael.com/jaykubassek) In five years, Canadian-born entrepreneur Jay Kubassek went from selling mufflers at a Midas franchise to revolutionizing Internet marketing with the 2004 launch of CarbonCopyPRO, a online marketing education company, now worth over $20 million with customers in over 160 countries.
As an independent film producer, his upstart film fund Aliquot Films is currently producing a films with Spike Lee and Abel Fererra (starring Ethan Hawke and Dennis Hopper.)
Jay's entrepreneurial spirit is irrepressible. He’s the owner of five companies, a professional speaker and trainer, international real estate developer/investor, extreme sport enthusiast and emerging philanthropist. Jay resides in NYC with his wife Jamie, son Milo and dog Cooper. Visit Jay's official website: www.JayKubassek.com - Visit Jay Kubassek's Website |
|||
|
To learn more about the Evan Elite Author Program please contact us. | |||
 | |
|  |
Subscribe to International's articles
 | |
|
|  |
 | |
|
| |
 | |||||||
|
 | ||
 |
||
|
||
 |
||
|
| ||
 |
| Have you written articles that would be of value to entrepreneurs? Become an expert on our site by publishing them! Expose yourself to a wide audience, drive more traffic to your website and get more sales! Click Here for details. |
|
|
 |
| Modeling the Masters: Learn the true secrets behind Walt Disney's business success factors & grow your company! Video produced by Phanta Media |
|
|
 |
"Learn straight from Evan how you can Make a Full Time Income (And More) from a Website"
Click Here To Learn More |
|
|
|
|
Get advice & tips from famous business owners, new articles by entrepreneur experts, my latest website updates, & special sneak peaks at what's to come!
|
|
|
 Competetive Advantage Article Instant Scripts Serenity Cards 3 Deadly Traps 7 Strategies to Take Action |
|
 | ||
 |
Top 50 Productivity Blogs
Top Blogs To Watch In 2008 | |
 |
Top 50 Blogs For Startups
Top Blogs To Watch In 2009 | |
| ||
 | ||||
| ||||
|
| ||||
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Email us your ideas on how to make our website more valuable! Thank you Sharon from Toronto Salsa Lessons / Classes for your suggestions to make the newsletter look like the website and profile younger entrepreneurs like Jennifer Lopez and Sean Combs!
|
|
|
| ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||