LOCAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND GLOBAL LINKAGES: ENABLING CONDITIONS AND CONSTRAINTS
LOCAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND GLOBAL LINKAGES: ENABLING CONDITIONS AND CONSTRAINTS
By: Deborah Bräutigam
Local Entrepreneurship in Southeast Asia and Subsaharan Africa: Networks and Linkages to the Global Economy
School of International Service
American University
Washington, DC
LOCAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND GLOBAL LINKAGES ENABLING CONDITIONS AND CONSTRAINTS - To learn more about this author, visit United Nations University's Website.
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What do entrepreneurs need in order to invest successfully in manufacturing? At a basic level, particularly if they are traders thinking about moving their capital into a fixed investment, they need a political and economic environment with a certain degree of stability and predictability and some incentives, or at least the absence of strong disincentives for investment. They also need good infrastructure: roads, ports, a constant supply of electricity and water, and reliable telecommunications. On an institutional level, they need contract enforcement and security of property. This can be supplied by the state, or by informal systems based on reputation or sanctions of exclusion. Finally, entrepreneurs are tasked with gathering the "inputs" to the production process: ideas and information about opportunities and markets, investment finance and working capital, sources for technology and inputs, and skilled personnel. In this section we consider the enabling conditions and constraints faced by local entrepreneurs in both regions. The section begins with a review of networks and clusters as institutions that strengthen entrepreneurs individually and collectively, continues with a discussion of relationships between entrepreneurs and the state, and concludes with a review of foreign investment links. We argue that different local groups have developed different histories of linkage to the global economy, to ideas and resources outside their locality, and to the state, and that this explains an important part of the ability of some groups to embark on dynamic industrialization.
By: Deborah Bräutigam
Local Entrepreneurship in Southeast Asia and Subsaharan Africa: Networks and Linkages to the Global Economy
School of International Service
American University
Washington, DC
LOCAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND GLOBAL LINKAGES ENABLING CONDITIONS AND CONSTRAINTS - To learn more about this author, visit United Nations University's Website.
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John PowerJohn Power, founder of Biltmore Franchise Consulting, has extensive experience developing and marketing franchises and business opportunities. He has been in and around franchising for over twenty years. From 1980 through 1990 he conceptualized, organized, and developed the American Video Association. He grew AVA to 2,000 national members, before selling the company it 1990. It was later merged into another home video marketing company. From 2000 to 2005 he worked as a contract marketing and human resources consultant to several local and national companies. In 2005 Mr. Power began working as a franchise development consultant on a full-time basis. Since that time he has helped more than three dozen companies initiate and develop their franchising program. He notes that there are many companies interested in developing a franchise program, and who need his specialized assistance. Mr. Power is a “hands-on” franchise consultant. He said, “I am the ‘nuts and bolts’ person who tends to the details for my clients.” Mr. Power holds a B.S. degree with a major in Marketing. See: www.biltmorefranchise.com You may contact Mr. Power at: jpower@biltmorefranchise.co - Visit John Power's Website |
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David AchesonDavid Acheson is the founder of DCJA Consultancy. DCJA Consultancy is a management consultancy business specialising in B2B sales consultancy. They offer bespoke and packaged sales consultancy including Sales Optimisation Review, Interim Sales Management, Sales & Marketing Review, 1:1 Sales & Management Staff Analysis, Management Training, Solution Sales Training, Creation of New Pay Plan, KPI's, run Customer Feedback Campaigns, assist with Recruitment, Coaching, Appraisals and set up Strategic Marketing Campaigns. David spent his early career in accountancy and then moved into sales in 1982, working in Office Equipment, IT, Advertising, Training, Outsourcing and Consultancy. He has held many Senior Positions in SMBs and Global Organisations including Head of Sales Operations & Head of Business Development. His knowledge, skills and great experience of the Sales Industry has led to David making keynote speeches and running educational sessions to key businesses through organisations including The Chamber of Commerce and Business Link. - Visit David Acheson's Website |
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Linda RichardsonLinda Richardson is the Founder and Executive Chairwoman of Richardson, a global sales training and performance improvement company. As a recognized leader in the industry, she has won the coveted Stevie Award for Lifetime Achievement in Sales Excellence and she was identified by Training Industry, Inc. as one of the “Top 20 Most Influential Training Professionals.” Ms. Richardson is credited with the movement to Consultative Selling and is the author of ten books on selling and sales management, including Sales Coaching — Making the Great Leap from Sales Manager to Sales Coach, and Stop Telling, Start Selling. She teaches sales and management at the Wharton Graduate School of the University of Pennsylvania and the Wharton Executive Development Center. Linda is a frequent speaker at industry and client conferences, has been published extensively in industry and training journals, and has been featured in numerous publications, including The Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Nation’s Business, Selling Power, Success, and The Conference Board Magazine. Learn more about Richardson's sales training and performance improvement solutions at http://www.richardson.com web - Visit Linda Richardson's Website |
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