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The Role Of Pharmacoepigenomics In Health

Guest post by: Charles Godbout

Article Overview: Pharmacogenomics is the scientific study of how the human genes affect a person’s reactions to drugs. This new science combines pharmacology and genomics to come up with effective and safe medications and dosages that will be custom-formulated to a person’s genetic constitution. While Pharmacology is the scientific study of drugs, Genomics is the scientific study of genes and their functions.

The Role Of Pharmacoepigenomics In Health

Pharmacogenomics is the scientific study of how the human genes affect a person's reactions to drugs. This new science combines pharmacology and genomics to come up with effective and safe medications and dosages that will be custom-formulated to a person's genetic constitution. While Pharmacology is the scientific study of drugs, Genomics is the scientific study of genes and their functions. Researches found evidence that the genetic code in the human genome plays a crucial role in the identification of the consequence of cancer and other degenerative diseases, together with developmental defects. The function of the DNA metabolism and repair functioning is affected by dietary factors that influence the fundamental metabolic pathways. From birth, the inherited DNA is under constant attack by many adverse mechanisms.

These adverse mechanisms include mutation, chromosome breaks and rearrangement, alterations by hydroxyl radicals, inappropriate gene silencing by errant methylation of CpG sequences, gain or loss of chromosomes, accelerated shortening of telomere chains, and errant gene expression because of improper methylation of Cpg.

All the endogenously-driven mutagens, exposure to environmental genotoxins, and deficiencies in co-factors essential for correct DNA metabolism and repair cause a failure to resist the damage to the genome which happens in spontaneity. Scientists believe in the evidence linking damage to the epigenome by environmental factors and adverse health consequences. If there is absence in exposure to genotoxins, the damage to the epigenome and genome indicate deficiency in nutrients or enzymes, which are essential for repair and maintenance of the methylation of CpG sequences, and the forestalling of oxidation of DNA and the emergence of intrusion into the DNA.

In order to establish pharmacoepigenomics as the solution to the issue of genome stability by several factors, a micronucleus assay is recommended. Micronucleus assay indicates the stability of the genome and epigenome which are influenced by the quality of available micronutrients.

Among the objectives of micronucleus assay are the identify the link between the unstable condition of genome and the adverse effects of the state of health at different stages of life, identify the methodology of implementing the use of recommended daily dietary allowance or RDAs to ensure stability of genome, identify the dietary and genetic factor causing epigenetic alterations and measure the modified CpG methylation, identify the link between nutritional deficiency and instability of genome, and identify the efficiency of micronucleus assay in diagnosing genome instability and nutritional deficiency.

The human epigenome consists of chromatin and DNA methylation which are dynamic and linked closely to each other. Modifications of DNA methylation affect the pathology of cancer and normal aging. Pharmacoepigenomics, having been evolved from pharmacology because of the intimate involvement of epigenome and genome with the root cause of diseases, seek to address the epigenomic issues with regard to the impact of drugs on gene expression profiles, and the differences in drug efficiency.

The issues on the efficient treatment of diseases and health conditions require treatment of the genome and epigenome by methods of modifying methylation of DNA and the mechanisms of enabling gene silencing or gene expression. The drugs of pharmacoepigenomics will aim the aberrations in the epigenome and not the disease itself. These drugs will be more efficient as treating the source of the disease is more effective than treating the symptoms of the disease itself.

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Article Tags: epigenomics, pharmacoepigenomics
Referred by: http://jaykubassek.com



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