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Guest post by: Dr. Paul Lanthois Become an Author

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Doctors, nurses, paramedics, police, firemen, truck drivers, pilots, miners, bakers, computer programmers, waiters, gas station attendants, journalists,and cleaners...the list is endless. Our everyday life that we take for granted is underpinned by the tireless efforts of a whole nocturnal society of workers who work the graveyard or nightshift. Having to spend the majority of your waking life under the cover of darkness not only takes its toll mentally and emotionally but also places a heavy physical toll on your body.

Research shows that people working the nightshift have an increased risk of sleep disorders, heart and digestive problems (1, 2). In addition studies have shown that shift work leads to poorer concentration, impaired judgment dramatically lowering the efficiency and dramatically increasing the risk of accidents and injuries (3).

Let's face it, there isn't a way to completely eliminate the energy-sapping effects of nightshifts (shift-lag) there are many options to help you cope better and minimize your risk of accidents or injuries. The key is to try to keep the order of your routine similar to someone working during the day. The only difference is that your routine starts at a different time of day...

Sleep A Bit More

Because even low levels of light can inhibit the production of your natural sleeping drug, add an extra hour onto your normal sleep to compensate for the poorer quality sleep during the day. Aim for 8-9 hours of sleep during the day when you are on nightshift.

Sleep In The Dark

Aim to sleep the whole 8-9 hours at once rather than breaking it up into smaller sleeps. Allow yourself time before you start work to exercise, have your substantial afternoon /evening breakfast, prepare for work and commute to work. Close your curtains and doors and make your room as dark as possible for sleeping during the day. This encourages natural melatonin production that will encourage sleeping. Some people say that sleeping masks also help them to block out any residual light and earplugs help to stop them from being woken up by noise.

One major mistake many people do once they have finished their nightshift is to go home and go straight to sleep. This often results in waking up nine hours before they start their nightshift. I must point out that this is dangerous!

It means that by the end of your eight-hour shift you will have been awake for 17 hours. Two studies (4, 5) have shown that being awake for this period of time has the same effect on your work performance as having a blood alcohol reading of 0.05 % massively increasing your chances of hurting yourself or someone else. And remember, many of you are risking your life and the lives of others by then driving home in this state of "drunken tiredness"!

Get Some Sun Or Bright Light

Whether it is before or at the end of your nightshift ensure you that you spend some time out in the sun every day. Not only will it help with vitamin D production but also the sunlight will help regulate the sleep/awake cycle. Try to work in as bright as light as possible. This inhibits the production of the sleep-inducing chemical, melatonin helping you to feel more alert and awake.

Limit Shift Changes

Your circadian rhythm or body clock adapts better to a consistent routine. Establish a regular time of waking up and going to bed and request to stay on the same shift schedule for as long as you can. It generally takes two nights sleep following the last night shift for normal sleeping patterns to be restored (6). The more consistent your roster is the less you will have to deal with the effects of this 'shift lag.'

Exercise Before Your Evening Shift

Because exercise has been shown to increase your metabolism you need to do the exercise before work so your work can benefit from the greater energy.

Power Night Naps

10 to 15 minute power naps during an evening coffee break has shown to best improve your alertness on the job (7) thereby reducing the risk of workplace accidents. Longer naps were shown to cause a post-sleep drowsiness for the following hour.

Limit Caffeine Intake To The Start Of The Shift

To maintain alertness for the start of your shift a couple of cups of coffee are okay in the first half of your shift can help. But drinking coffee towards the end of your shift has been shown to interrupt your sleep plans for later in the day (8).

References:

1) Costa G. Shift work and occupational medicine: an overview. Occup Med (Lond) 2003; 53:83-8.

2) Harrington JM. Health effects of shift work and extended hours of work. Occup Environ Med 2001; 58:68-72.

3) Folkard S, Tucker P. Shift work, safety and productivity. Occup Med (Lond) 2003; 53:95-101.

4) Dawson, D., Reid, K., (1997) Equating the performance impairment associated with sustained wakefulness and alcoholic intoxication, Center for Sleep Research, University of South Australia.

5) Williamson, A. et al (2000) Development of measures of fatigue: using an alcohol comparison to validate the effects of fatigue on performance, Consultant Report CR 189, Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Canberra.

6) Kerstedt T. Shift work and disturbed sleep/wakefulness. Occup Med (Lond) 2003; 53:89-94.

7) Brooks A, Lack L. A brief afternoon nap following nocturnal sleep restriction: which nap duration is most recuperative? Sleep 2006; 29: 831-840

8) Hindmarch, I. Et al. A naturalistic investigation of the effects of daylong consumption of tea, coffee and water on alertness, sleep onset and sleep quality. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 2000 Apr: 149 (3): 203-16

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